Adding manpower to a late software project makes it even later.

Probably the law I quote the most. I can’t tell you how many times a client has asked, ” Can’t we just throw another guy at the problem?”

The more highly adapted an organism becomes, the less adaptable it is to any new change.

Occasionally smart people say pretty smart things. The computing world likes to call these pearls of wisdom laws.

They also like to name each law after the person who coined it. Take, for instance, the most well-known of all the computing world’s laws, Moore’s Law, which is named after Intel founder Gordan E. Moore.

In the web industry we have no such laws. While computer software and engineering is a science, web work isn’t. I view web work as an amalgamation of a variety of crafts and disciplines, like behavioral psychology, art and design, information sciences – and, since the end medium depends on technology, part computer science.

Given that last bit, it makes sense that some computing laws would apply to the world of the web. Since I have an awful time remembering them, I figured I’d write down the ones that have been helpful to me in my career in the web industry.

People under time pressure don’t think faster.

Tell this to any startup and they will probably show you to the door, but it’s very true. The only result you get from putting people under pressure is unnecessary stress. Take a deep breath and avoid letting your stress become someone else’s.

A carelessly planned project takes three times longer to complete than expected; a carefully planned project takes only twice as long.

For many phenomena, 80% of consequences stem from 20% of the causes.

This is also known as the “80/20 Rule,” though most people seem to use it incorrectly. I don’t know if I fully believe in this principle. I think we often have a false perception that this is true, and therefore tend to focus on 20% of the problem. Or, in other words, the dreaded ‘edge case’.

Whatever the state of a project, the time a project-leader will estimate for completion is constant.

This law always reminds me of the movie Money Pit. Whenever the contractors were asked when the job would be done they’d say, “oh… in about two weeks,” but in reality the project took a year. Trying to set the right completion expectation is always hard. I find just being totally honest with the client goes a long way toward not setting false hopes.

Users spend most of their time on other sites. This means that users prefer your site to work the same way as all the other sites they already know.

Coined by Jakob Nielsen, the King of Sameness. While this statement may read like BS, there is some truth it. People adapt to what they know, and they have certain assumptions about the way things work that cannot be ignored.

The time taken to acquire a target is a function of the distance to and the size of the target.

This one seems to be a favorite with speakers at web conferences, and is a handy reminder of the principals behind information and visual design.

In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.

This principle comes in to play when dealing with the opinions of overzealous stakeholders. It can be difficult as an employee to publicly admit that you know more about this web stuff than your boss, but it must be done.

Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.

In other words, we’re talking about ‘scope creep’. Keep projects short and sweet—Otherwise, they tend to become unmanageable beasts.

Any piece of software reflects the organizational structure that produced it.

This law is absolutely true of websites as well. Organizations that have bad communication or poorly defined roles invariably have websites that take more time and cost way more then they should.

If you are leading but have never developed a similar project, do not pretend you know what is going on.

Seriously, ask your web devs what time will be required to finish a project and what resources are necessary. “Oh just make this button upload then the user can crop and resize the image in Flash, it’s easy.” Huh? Really? Show me how you would program it.

Inside every large problem is a small problem struggling to get out.

A perfect reminder that we often create larger problems from small ones. Always remember to focus on the goal or need. Everything else is secondary.

You cannot reduce the complexity of a given task beyond a certain point. Once you’ve reached that point, you can only shift the burden around.

A good principle of information architecture. Complex tasks tend to be broken up and can often become more confusing in the process. Identify the hard stuff early on and treat it differently than everything else.

imagine if there were a comments LAYER over the normal metanotes screen.

that way, comments only show up when toggled on.

basically, if a space is cluttered with notes, where do i leave comments? i mean, i like the clustered notes, i don’t want to have to spread them apart, and I don’t want readers to have to read this.

one comment vision is for them to work just like Excel. that makes perfect sense to me. but i still have to do all this space manipulation to leave a comment.

The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 90% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.

The law is absolutely true. Once the end is in sight, the finish line tends to drift into the distance. Keeping development milestones short and sweet tends to help. It allows developers to feel like they’ve accomplished something, so they’re not wallowing in a pit of despair.

The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.

This one was coined by Author C. Clarke. I think his laws are both keen observations and powerful reminders that we should seek out the unknown, question the assumed truth and constantly push for new discovery and invention.

A task always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter’s Law.

Isn’t that the truth. The best trick here is to record your time, so you always have a record to refer to. This gives you a good starting point for estimating how long the next task will take.

The explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct.

This principle is helpful when you are trying to understand human behavior. Sometimes things just work. You may not think this is right, and you may not understand why, but when something works you should just go with it.

among digital media’s bleeding edge – adults 18-34 – social media now is the dominant form of personal communication media, with 85% of this influential demographic group relying on one or more Web 2.0 platforms to stay in touch with others. “Although age is the driving force behind usage patterns of these technologies, it is clear that a fundamental shift has taken place in all of our lives about what it means to communicate in the 21st Century,” the agency says in a new white paper based on the research.

And it’s not just newer forms of Web-based communications that people are relying more on. Even “old school” methods such as email and instant messaging are continuing to displace other forms of analog communication. The percentage of U.S. adults who said they now rely on instant messaging, for example, rose to 22% this year from just 9% in 2007. Among 18- to 34-year-olds, IM dependant crowd grew to 21% from 14% a year ago.

Text messaging, meanwhile, proves that mobile media also is becoming a dominant source of personal communications beyond the cell phone, even if mass marketers haven’t yet figured out how to crack the potential of marketing through the medium. The percentage of U.S. adults who say they’ve never sent a text message fell to 41% this year from 49% a year ago. And among 18- to 34-year-olds, it dropped to 22% from 38%.

“We’re definitely seeing continual shifts,” says Graeme Hutton, senior vice president-director of consumer insights at UM, and the chief curator of the agency’s highly regarded Media in Mind research. “The great unwashed – those people who have never sent a text message – is getting smaller all the time.”

One of the more fascinating parts of the UM research is the speed with which the average American is becoming a self-publisher on the Internet. One out of 10 U.S. adults now publish blogs, up from just 5% a year ago. Among 18- to 34-year-olds, the rate is twice that, with one out of five publishing blogs, up from 10% a year ago.

And who’s reading all this blog materials? Well, according to UM, everyone. The percentage of Americans of all demographic groups who say they now read a blog everyday soared between 2007 and 2008, and UM’s Hutton attributed this to the rapid rise of another Web 2.0 platform: social networks.

“We think that’s do to the increased use of social networking, and blogs are an integral part of using them,” he explains. “Two years ago, asking people about blogs, people were shaking their heads. I think now it’s taking off because social networks are taking off. RSS feeds, which make reading blogs easier, have become an integral part of the way people communicate and exchange content. People may have been doing it before, but may not have realized it. Now they’re recognizing it for what it is.”